Over walking a dog can cause muscle problems but its the joints that are more likely to be damaged, the rule of thumb is 5 mins for every month of age. But it depends on the exercise the dog is getting, grass walking is better than hard surfaces and whether its forced ie the dog is onlead or scared you will leave it behind and just follows you for the sake of it.
Usually though its hereditary conditions that are made worse by the exercise and not often caused by it unless you really walk a pup to death. Its usually bigger breeds to, Labs, Gsds etc.